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Iceland

Iceland

Summary:

Iceland is a country in Europe that is home to 361,000 people. It is also home to 2 living indigenous languages. One of these, Icelandic, is the official language of the country. In addition, 1 living non-indigenous language is established within the country. In formal education, 1 indigenous language is used as a language of instruction.

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  • Country Location

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  • Demographics

    361,000

    people

    2

    living indigenous languages

    99%
    literate

  • Indigenous Language Vitality Count

    1. 1
    2. 1
    3. 0
    4. 0
    Details

    This graph shows a profile of languages indigenous to Iceland with respect to their level of language vitality.

    • Institutional — The language has been developed to the point that it is used and sustained by institutions beyond the home and community.
    • Stable — The language is not being sustained by formal institutions, but it is still the norm in the home and community that all children learn and use the language.
    • Endangered — It is no longer the norm that children learn and use this language.
    • Extinct - The language is no longer used and no one retains a sense of ethnic identity associated with the language.

    These four summary levels have been derived by grouping levels in the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS), which is the more fine-grained scale that Ethnologue uses to assess the status of every language in terms of development versus endangerment; see Language Status for a description of the levels of that scale. See also the pages on Development and Endangerment for more discussion.

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Ethnologue Country Digests

Country Digest

Browse Country Digests

Explore all 3 languages used in Iceland with Ethnologue: Languages of Iceland—a downloadable PDF document that provides detailed analysis presented in formats not available in the online version of Ethnologue. It includes:

  • Comprehensive country overview.
  • Statistical summaries by language status, size, and family.
  • Alphabetical listing of languages in the country, with in-depth descriptions.
  • Full-color language map(s) for visual reference.
  • Listings by population, status, family, and region.
  • Indexes of ISO 639 codes and alternate language names.

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Indigenous Languages

Families

The indigenous languages of Iceland belong to the following families.

Language Policy Conventions

Iceland has adopted the following international conventions which speak to indigenous language rights.

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