India Languages, Literacy, Maps, Endangered Languages, Population, Official Use (IN)

Summary:

India is a country in Asia that is home to 1,417,173,000 people. It is also home to 424 living indigenous languages. One of these, Hindi, is an official language of the country. Others—Assamese, Bengali, Eastern Punjabi, Garo, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Khasi, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Meitei, Nepali, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu—are official languages in parts of the country. India was also home to 11 indigenous languages that are now extinct. In addition, 30 living non-indigenous languages are established within the country. One of these, English, is also an official language of the country. In formal education, 26 indigenous languages are used as languages of instruction.

Dashboard

Country Location
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Demographics
1,417,173,000
people
424
living indigenous languages
74%
literate
Indigenous Language Vitality Count
1. Institutional
  44
2. Stable
  247
3. Endangered
  133
4. Extinct
  11
Details
This graph shows a profile of languages indigenous to India with respect to their level of language vitality.
Institutional — The language has been developed to the point that it is used and sustained by institutions beyond the home and community.
Stable — The language is not being sustained by formal institutions, but it is still the norm in the home and community that all children learn and use the language.
Endangered — It is no longer the norm that children learn and use this language.
Extinct - The language is no longer used and no one retains a sense of ethnic identity associated with the language.
These four summary levels have been derived by grouping levels in the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS), which is the more fine-grained scale that Ethnologue uses to assess the status of every language in terms of development versus endangerment; see Language Status for a description of the levels of that scale. See also the pages on Development and Endangerment for more discussion.

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Ethnologue Country Digests

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Explore all 454 languages used in India with Ethnologue: Languages of India—a downloadable PDF document that provides detailed analysis presented in formats not available in the online version of Ethnologue. It includes:

Comprehensive country overview.
Statistical summaries by language status, size, and family.
Alphabetical listing of languages in the country, with in-depth descriptions.
Full-color language map(s) for visual reference.
Listings by population, status, family, and region.
Indexes of ISO 639 codes and alternate language names.

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Summary:

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Demographics

Indigenous Language Vitality Count

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